I.V. Subba Rao
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I.V. Subba Rao | |
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I.V. Subba Rao – Founder, Raghuvamsi Technologies | |
| Born | N/A |
| Birth Place | N/A |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Occupation | Entrepreneur, Technology Developer, Industrial Researcher |
| Title | Founder |
| Known For | Single-Stroke Iron Ore DRI Pelletization Technology and Sintered Synthetic Cristobalite Production from Quartz |
| Company |
Raghuvamsi Technologies |
| Founder | Raghuvamsi Technologies |
| Industry | Advanced Materials, Mineral Processing and Industrial Technology |
| Experience | N/A |
| Founded | N/A |
| Headquarters | Andhra Pradesh, India |
| City | N/A |
| Website | [N/A Official Website] |
| ivsrao2003@yahoo.co.in; raatechs12@yahoo.com; raatech12@rediffmail.com | |
| Mobile | +91 7569160194 |
| Awards | N/A |
| Status | .png){kind=small} Verified
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I.V. Subba Rao is associated with Raghuvamsi Technologies in Andhra Pradesh, India, and is involved in the development of a rotary and tunnel kiln-based process for the synthesis of cristobalite from natural quartz and silica-rich feedstocks.
The technology focuses on the thermal transformation of quartz into cristobalite without the use of chemical fluxes, alkali additives or mineralizing agents. The process uses controlled high-temperature treatment, residence time and thermal regimes within continuous rotary kiln and tunnel kiln systems.
The work is presented as a technology for producing synthetic cristobalite with a controlled crystalline phase composition and potential applications across ceramics, dental materials, paints and coatings, refractories, glass, electronic materials and other high-temperature applications.
Raghuvamsi Technologies
Raghuvamsi Technologies is associated with the development of a process for the production of synthetic cristobalite through controlled thermal processing of quartz-rich raw materials.
The technology is based on a continuous high-temperature kiln approach involving rotary kiln and tunnel kiln processing.
The central technological concept is to promote quartz-to-cristobalite transformation through thermal control rather than through the addition of chemical fluxes or alkali-based additives.
The process is described as a potentially scalable route for the production of value-added cristobalite from natural quartz.
Cristobalite Synthesis Technology
Cristobalite is a high-temperature polymorph of silica and is used in several industrial applications because of its thermal characteristics, low density, whiteness and stability in high-temperature environments.
The technology developed around the Raghuvamsi Technologies process focuses on producing synthetic cristobalite through a controlled thermal transformation route.
The process uses:
- Natural quartz or amorphous silica as feedstock
- Controlled feedstock morphology
- Multi-zone thermal processing
- Rotary kiln technology
- Tunnel kiln technology
- Controlled residence time
- High-temperature sintering
- Flux-free transformation
- Controlled cooling
- X-ray diffraction-based phase characterization
The process is designed to encourage the transformation of silica into cristobalite while minimizing the formation of unwanted intermediate phases.
Flux-Free Multi-Industrial Synthesis
The central feature of the technology is its flux-free processing route.
Unlike conventional processes that may use chemical fluxes, mineralizers or alkali additives to influence silica phase transformation, the described process relies primarily on controlled thermal treatment.
No alkali fluxes or chemical catalysts are used in the described process.
The thermal conditions, feedstock characteristics, residence time and temperature gradient are controlled to promote quartz-to-cristobalite transformation.
This approach is intended to simplify the process while reducing dependence on chemical additives.
Raw Materials and Mineralogical Basis
The raw material used in the process is described as high-purity natural quartz or amorphous silica.
The feedstock may optionally be pre-treated to reduce impurities such as:
- Fe₂O₃
- TiO₂
- Al₂O₃
A grain size ranging from approximately 3 mm to 30 mm is described as suitable for rotary processing.
From a mineralogical perspective, the quartz-to-cristobalite transformation involves structural rearrangement of SiO₄ tetrahedra.
Cristobalite has cubic or tetragonal structural characteristics depending on temperature and phase state, and its formation is associated with high-temperature silica transformation.
A major objective of the process is to promote direct quartz-to-cristobalite conversion while avoiding significant tridymite formation.
Process Technology
Rotary Kiln-Based Sintering
The process employs a rotary kiln divided into controlled thermal zones.
The major processing zones include:
- Preheating zone
- Reaction zone
- Sintering zone
Each zone is used to control the thermal history of the feedstock.
The continuous movement of material through the rotary kiln provides controlled exposure to high-temperature conditions while allowing residence time and thermal gradients to be managed.
The process is designed to provide continuous material movement rather than relying exclusively on static sintering.
Thermal-Driven Transformation
The described technology relies on thermal energy rather than chemical additives to promote silica transformation.
The process is based on:
- Optimized thermal control
- Feedstock morphology
- Controlled residence time
- Controlled thermal gradients
- High-temperature sintering
- Continuous material movement
- Controlled cooling
The absence of chemical fluxes is a key feature of the process.
The technology is intended to promote crystalline transformation while maintaining phase and morphological control.
Process Technology Innovation and Patented Technologies
I.V.S. Rao has developed process technologies in the fields of mineral processing, process technology and advanced mineral-based materials. His technological work includes an innovative Single-Stroke Iron Ore DRI Pelletization process and a more recent technology for the production of Sintered Synthetic Cristobalite from Quartz.
His work focuses on developing industrial processes for converting mineral-based raw materials into value-added materials through controlled processing, thermal treatment and process optimization.
Single-Stroke Iron Ore DRI Pelletization Technology
One of I.V.S. Rao's earlier technological developments is an innovative process for Single-Stroke Iron Ore DRI Pelletization.
The technology was developed for the production of feed material for Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) manufacturing. The process focuses on an innovative approach to iron ore pelletization and is intended to provide a specialized route for preparing pelletized iron ore feed material for direct reduction applications.
The technology was filed as:
- Patent Application No.: 1646/CHE/2008
- Patent No.: 305155
- Patent application date: July 2008
- Patent granted: 2019
The patented technology forms part of I.V.S. Rao's work in mineral processing and process technology.
The development demonstrates his focus on process innovation in the iron and steel raw-material sector, particularly in the preparation of iron ore feed material for DRI production.
Sintered Synthetic Cristobalite Technology
In addition to his work in iron ore pelletization, I.V.S. Rao has developed an innovative process technology for the production of Sintered Synthetic Cristobalite from Quartz.
The technology focuses on the controlled transformation of quartz into cristobalite through a specialized process route.
The process is designed around controlled Quartz-to-Cristobalite conversion, producing a value-added silica-based material for industrial and advanced-material applications.
The technology was patented in August 2026.
This development represents an expansion of I.V.S. Rao's process-technology work from iron ore and DRI feed-material preparation into advanced mineral-based materials and synthetic silica products.
Controlled Quartz-to-Cristobalite Conversion
The synthetic cristobalite technology focuses on the controlled conversion of quartz into cristobalite.
Cristobalite is a crystalline polymorph of silicon dioxide (SiO₂) and has applications in high-temperature materials, ceramics, glass, coatings and other specialized industrial applications.
The process developed by I.V.S. Rao is focused on producing sintered synthetic cristobalite from quartz through controlled processing conditions.
The technology is intended to provide a specialized industrial route for producing value-added cristobalite from quartz-based raw materials.
The process is particularly relevant to applications where controlled silica phase composition, thermal characteristics and material consistency are important.
Patent and Technology Development Timeline
| Technology | Patent / Application | Date | Field |
|---|---|---|---|
| Single-Stroke Iron Ore DRI Pelletization | Patent Application No. 1646/CHE/2008; Patent No. 305155 | Filed July 2008; granted in 2019 | Iron Ore Pelletization and DRI Feed Material |
| Sintered Synthetic Cristobalite from Quartz | Patent | August 2026 | Advanced Mineral-Based Materials and Synthetic Silica |
Applications of Synthetic Cristobalite
The high-purity cristobalite technology developed by I.V.S. Rao is intended for applications across multiple advanced and industrial sectors.
The key application areas include:
Advanced and Technical Refractory Raw Materials
Synthetic cristobalite can serve as a specialized raw material for advanced and technical refractory products.
Its silica-based composition and high-temperature characteristics make cristobalite relevant to refractory systems designed for demanding thermal environments.
The technology therefore has potential relevance to the development of specialized refractory raw materials and high-temperature industrial products.
Specialty and Industrial Glass
Cristobalite is also relevant to specialty and industrial glass applications.
The controlled production of synthetic cristobalite from quartz provides a potential route for producing silica-based material with controlled phase characteristics for specialized glass formulations and high-temperature applications.
Paints and Chemicals
The technology has potential applications in paints and chemical industries.
Cristobalite-based materials can be considered for specialized formulations where silica-based fillers, controlled particle characteristics and thermal properties are required.
The technology therefore extends the potential use of value-added synthetic silica into industrial chemical and coating applications.
Electric Vehicle Technologies
The technology identifies electric vehicle (EV) technologies as a potential application area for high-purity cristobalite.
The growing EV ecosystem includes advanced materials for thermal management, electrical systems, ceramics, insulation and other high-performance components.
High-purity mineral-based materials can have relevance in specialized EV-related material systems where thermal and structural performance are important.
Solar and Renewable Energy Systems
High-purity cristobalite also has potential relevance to solar and renewable energy systems.
Advanced silica-based materials are used across different renewable-energy technologies, including high-temperature, insulating, glass and materials-processing applications.
The synthetic cristobalite technology therefore has potential application in specialized material systems associated with solar and renewable-energy technologies.
Semiconductor and Electronic Materials
Another identified application area is semiconductor and electronic materials.
High-purity silica-based materials are important in advanced electronic and semiconductor-related manufacturing environments.
The controlled production of synthetic cristobalite provides a potential source of specialized silica material for applications requiring controlled material composition and thermal characteristics.
Aerospace and Aeronautical Applications
The technology also identifies aerospace and aeronautical applications as an important potential area.
Aerospace technologies require materials capable of operating under demanding thermal and mechanical conditions.
High-performance mineral-based materials and silica-based products can have applications in specialized aerospace and aeronautical systems where thermal stability and material performance are important.
Expansion into Advanced Mineral-Based Materials
The development of synthetic cristobalite represents a significant expansion of I.V.S. Rao's technological interests into advanced mineral-based materials.
His earlier work in Single-Stroke Iron Ore DRI Pelletization focused on iron ore processing and the preparation of feed material for direct reduced iron production.
His later work in Sintered Synthetic Cristobalite focuses on transforming quartz into a value-added crystalline silica material.
Together, these technologies demonstrate a broader interest in developing industrial processes for the conversion and upgrading of naturally occurring mineral resources.
Technology Portfolio
| Technology | Raw Material | Result / Target Product | Primary Industrial Area |
|---|---|---|---|
| Single-Stroke Iron Ore DRI Pelletization | Iron Ore | DRI Pellet Feed Material | Iron and Steel / Direct Reduced Iron |
| Sintered Synthetic Cristobalite | Quartz | Synthetic Cristobalite | Advanced Materials / Silica / High-Temperature Applications |
I.V.S. Rao's Process Technology Journey
I.V.S. Rao's process-technology development can be viewed across two major areas.
The first is the development of an innovative pelletization technology for iron ore intended for DRI feed-material production. This technology was filed in 2008 and subsequently granted as Patent No. 305155 in 2019.
The second is the development of a process for producing sintered synthetic cristobalite from quartz. This technology, patented in August 2026, focuses on controlled quartz-to-cristobalite conversion and targets a broad range of advanced industrial applications.
The two technologies represent applications of process engineering and mineral-processing principles to different classes of mineral-based materials.
Innovation in Mineral Processing
I.V.S. Rao's work is centered on the development of industrial process technologies that seek to add value to mineral resources.
His technology portfolio includes:
- Iron ore pelletization
- DRI feed-material preparation
- Quartz processing
- Cristobalite synthesis
- Controlled mineral transformation
- Advanced mineral-based materials
- High-temperature process technology
- Industrial materials development
The combination of mineral processing and process technology provides a foundation for developing specialized materials for the iron and steel, refractory, glass, chemical, energy, electronics and aerospace sectors.
Patented Technology Profile
| Field | Details |
|---|---|
| Developer | I.V.S. Rao |
| Organization | Raghuvamsi Technologies |
| Technology 1 | Single-Stroke Iron Ore DRI Pelletization |
| Patent Application | 1646/CHE/2008 |
| Patent No. | 305155 |
| Patent Filing | July 2008 |
| Patent Grant | 2019 |
| Technology 2 | Sintered Synthetic Cristobalite from Quartz |
| Technology 2 Patent | Patented August 2026 |
| Core Transformation | Controlled Quartz-to-Cristobalite Conversion |
| Primary Fields | Mineral Processing, Advanced Materials and Process Technology |
| Location | Andhra Pradesh / Bangalore, India |
Rotary and Tunnel Kiln Approach
The process incorporates both rotary kiln and tunnel kiln concepts for high-temperature silica processing.
The rotary kiln provides continuous movement of the material through different thermal zones, while tunnel kiln processing can provide controlled and continuous high-temperature treatment over a defined thermal profile.
The combined technological concept is presented as a continuous industrial route for the synthesis of cristobalite.
The process is particularly focused on controlling the thermal history of the silica feedstock during transformation.
Phase Transformation Mechanism
The proposed transformation pathway is described as:
Quartz → High-Quartz → Cristobalite
The process seeks to bypass significant tridymite formation through kinetic control and an optimized thermal regime.
The transformation mechanism involves:
- Quartz structural transformation
- High-temperature phase development
- Cristobalite nucleation
- Crystal growth
- Surface nucleation
- Internal structural restructuring
- Controlled cooling
The process does not rely on external fluxing agents or alkali additives.
The described kinetic pathway is evaluated through comparative thermal and structural analysis.
Avoidance of Tridymite
A significant objective of the process is the reduction or avoidance of tridymite formation during quartz-to-cristobalite transformation.
The technology uses thermal control and residence-time management to encourage the desired cristobalite phase.
Avoiding unwanted intermediate phases is important for maintaining controlled phase composition and consistent characteristics in the final material.
Results and Characterization
The synthesized material was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and morphological analysis.
The characterization focuses on:
- Phase composition
- Cristobalite formation
- Residual quartz
- Tridymite presence
- Amorphous or glassy content
- Crystal morphology
- Microstructure
- Chemical purity
- Brightness and whiteness
XRD Analysis
X-ray diffraction analysis was conducted on the sample identified as B 0.5.
The sample was described as cristobalite sintered at approximately 1700°C–1750°C.
The analysis identifies cristobalite as the dominant crystalline phase.
The technical documentation references international crystallographic identification codes, including ICDD PDF 04-002-6313 in the initial XRD discussion.
Further detailed phase analysis identifies:
- α-Cristobalite – reference code 98-006-1813
- Low Quartz – reference code 98-004-0799
The phase composition summary reports approximately:
| Phase | Chemical Formula | Form | Approximate Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cristobalite (α-low) | SiO₂ | Crystalline | 90% |
| Quartz (low) | SiO₂ | Crystalline | 10% |
| Glass / Amorphous Phase | — | Non-crystalline | Not detected / negligible |
The XRD interpretation indicates approximately 90% α-cristobalite and approximately 10% residual low quartz.
Cristobalite Phase
The XRD analysis identifies α-cristobalite as the predominant crystalline phase.
The reference code provided for the phase is 98-006-1813.
Approximately 90% α-cristobalite is reported in the phase composition.
This indicates a high degree of quartz-to-cristobalite transformation.
The presence of a well-defined crystalline phase is described as technologically significant for applications requiring controlled silica phase composition, thermal stability and consistent material performance.
Residual Quartz Phase
Approximately 10% low quartz remains in the synthesized material.
The reference code provided for the quartz phase is 98-004-0799.
The remaining quartz indicates that the quartz-to-cristobalite transformation was substantial but not complete.
Possible explanations identified in the technical analysis include incomplete transformation within dense particle cores and limitations associated with heat transfer and reaction kinetics during thermal processing.
Glass and Amorphous Phase
The XRD pattern does not show a distinct broad amorphous hump characteristic of a glassy phase.
Therefore, the amorphous or glass-phase content is considered negligible or below the practical detection limit of the XRD analysis.
The material is consequently described as predominantly crystalline.
This phase characteristic is considered advantageous for applications requiring predictable thermal and structural properties.
α-Cristobalite and β-Cristobalite
The XRD analysis identifies α-cristobalite as the detected cristobalite phase.
No detectable β-cristobalite is reported in the analyzed final material.
The technical description notes that during cooling, cristobalite undergoes a reversible α–β structural transition at approximately 200–270°C, depending on measurement conditions and composition.
The α-cristobalite form is described as the stable low-temperature form.
This phase behavior is relevant to controlling the final crystal structure and thermal performance of the synthesized material.
Morphology and Microstructure
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization is described as showing a dense, fine-grained microstructure.
The cristobalite crystals exhibit:
- Fine-grained morphology
- Dense microstructure
- Improved homogeneity
- Particle bonding
- Controlled crystal development
The observed morphology is described as favorable for mechanical strength and application-specific performance.
The microstructural characteristics are relevant to the use of cristobalite in ceramics, refractories and other engineered silica applications.
Chemical Purity and Brightness
The final sintered products are described as having reduced levels of certain impurity oxides, including:
- Fe₂O₃
- Al₂O₃
- TiO₂
The reduction of these impurity components supports higher brightness and whiteness.
These characteristics are particularly relevant for applications where optical appearance, whiteness and chemical purity are important.
Technical Advantages
The technology is described as offering several technical advantages:
| Advantage | Description |
|---|---|
| High crystallinity | Approximately 90% α-cristobalite reported in the detailed XRD phase composition |
| Flux-free processing | No alkali fluxes or chemical catalysts used in the described process |
| Controlled phase composition | Thermal processing designed to promote cristobalite formation |
| Continuous operation | Rotary kiln configuration enables continuous material movement |
| Scalable processing | Technology is presented as suitable for industrial-scale development |
| Quartz feedstock flexibility | Suitable for crystalline or amorphous silica inputs |
| Tridymite avoidance | Thermal and kinetic control is intended to minimize unwanted phase formation |
| Reduced impurities | Reduced Fe₂O₃, Al₂O₃ and TiO₂ levels are described |
Applications
The synthesized cristobalite is described as having potential applications across multiple industrial sectors.
Dental Ceramics
Cristobalite can be used in dental ceramic applications where controlled thermal expansion and dimensional stability are important.
The technical material describes the synthesized product as suitable for dental materials because of its thermal expansion characteristics and stability.
Paints and Coatings
The high whiteness and matting characteristics associated with cristobalite make it suitable as a potential filler for paints and coatings.
The material can contribute to optical and surface-performance characteristics in formulated products.
Catalyst Carriers
The technical description identifies catalyst carriers as another potential application.
Cristobalite's thermal stability and structural characteristics may support applications involving high-temperature catalyst systems.
Refractories and Ceramics
Cristobalite is relevant to refractory and ceramic materials because of its high-temperature behavior and thermal characteristics.
The synthesized material is presented as having potential for applications requiring high-temperature performance and thermal shock resistance.
Semiconductor Glass and Composites
Silica-based materials are used in glass, electronic and composite applications.
The synthesized cristobalite is described as having potential for semiconductor glass and composite applications where controlled silica phase composition and thermal properties are required.
Foundry and Investment Casting
The technology identifies foundry and investment casting among the potential industrial applications of the synthesized cristobalite.
Its controlled silica composition and thermal characteristics may support high-temperature mold and casting-related applications.
Thermal Insulation
The material is also identified as having potential applications in thermal-insulation materials.
Its silica-based composition and thermal characteristics make it relevant to high-temperature insulation technologies.
Glass and Specialty Silica Products
Synthetic cristobalite can be considered for specialty glass and silica-based products requiring controlled crystalline silica phases.
Photovoltaic and Solar Applications
The technology identifies photovoltaic and solar applications among the potential areas of use for value-added silica materials.
Aerospace and High-Temperature Technologies
The technical documentation also identifies aerospace and other high-temperature technologies as potential application areas.
These applications require materials capable of maintaining controlled properties under demanding thermal conditions.
Industrial Significance
The proposed technology focuses on converting naturally occurring quartz into a value-added synthetic silica material.
Instead of relying on chemical fluxes or mineralizers, the process emphasizes thermal engineering, kiln design, residence time and phase transformation control.
The continuous rotary kiln configuration is intended to provide advantages over traditional static sintering approaches by enabling continuous processing and controlled movement of the feedstock through thermal zones.
The technology is therefore positioned as an industrial approach to continuous cristobalite production.
Innovation in Process Technology
The central innovation described in the work is a flux-free rotary kiln process for converting natural quartz into synthetic cristobalite.
The process is characterized by:
- Continuous thermal processing
- Rotary kiln operation
- Tunnel kiln processing
- High-temperature sintering
- No chemical fluxes
- No alkali additives
- No mineralizers
- Controlled residence time
- Optimized thermal gradients
- Direct quartz-to-cristobalite transformation
- Controlled phase composition
The approach combines mineralogical understanding with high-temperature process engineering.
Multi-Industrial Potential
The technology is presented as having broad potential across several industries.
Potential sectors include:
- Advanced ceramics
- Dental materials
- Refractories
- Foundry materials
- Investment casting
- Paints
- Coatings
- Thermal insulation
- Glass
- Specialty silica products
- Semiconductor materials
- Electronic materials
- Photovoltaic materials
- Solar technologies
- Aerospace
- High-temperature industrial applications
The broad application range is associated with the thermal, structural and optical properties of cristobalite.
Phase Composition Summary
The reported phase composition is approximately:
| Phase | Reference | Approximate Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| α-Cristobalite | 98-006-1813 | 90% |
| Low Quartz | 98-004-0799 | 10% |
| Glass / Amorphous Phase | Not distinctly detected | Negligible / below detection limit |
| β-Cristobalite | Not detected | Not detected |
| Tridymite | Not detected | Not detected |
Conclusion
The work demonstrates a rotary kiln-based, flux-free approach for the synthesis of cristobalite from natural quartz.
The process uses controlled high-temperature sintering without the addition of alkalis, chemical fluxes or mineralizing agents.
XRD analysis identifies approximately 90% α-cristobalite as the predominant crystalline phase, together with approximately 10% low quartz.
The residual quartz indicates that the quartz-to-cristobalite transformation was substantial but not complete, with incomplete conversion potentially associated with dense particle cores, heat-transfer limitations and reaction kinetics.
No distinct amorphous halo associated with a glassy phase was observed in the reported XRD analysis, indicating that the glass phase is negligible or below the detection limit of the analysis.
Only α-cristobalite was identified, with no detectable β-cristobalite reported in the final phase analysis.
The reported phase assemblage is consistent with the formation of cristobalite during high-temperature processing followed by cooling to the low-temperature α-cristobalite form.
Overall, the technology presents a potential route for producing highly crystallized cristobalite through a continuous, additive-free rotary kiln process.
Innovation, Technology and Broad Applications
The work presents an innovative flux-free rotary kiln technology for the continuous conversion of natural quartz into synthetic cristobalite without alkalis, mineralizers or other chemical additives.
Controlled thermal regimes and optimized residence time are used to promote solid-state quartz-to-cristobalite transformation.
XRD analysis reported in the work confirms approximately 90% α-cristobalite, with approximately 10% residual low quartz and no significant detectable amorphous or glassy phase.
The technology provides a potential scalable route for producing value-added cristobalite with emphasis on:
- Process simplicity
- Chemical purity
- Phase control
- Product consistency
- Continuous processing
- Reduced chemical additives
- Industrial scalability
The synthesized cristobalite is identified as having broad potential applications in refractories, advanced ceramics, foundry and investment casting, paints and coatings, thermal-insulation materials, glass and specialty silica products, semiconductor and electronic materials, photovoltaic and solar applications, aerospace and other high-temperature technologies.
From a scientific perspective, the work focuses on controlled silica polymorph transformation. From a technological perspective, it presents the potential for large-scale additive-free cristobalite production.
Research and Technical Documentation
The technical work includes X-ray diffraction characterization, phase identification, morphological analysis and evaluation of chemical purity.
The reported XRD references include:
- ICDD PDF 04-002-6313
- Reference code 98-006-1813 for α-cristobalite
- Reference code 98-004-0799 for low quartz
The documentation also refers to multiple XRD datasets identified as:
- XRD-1
- XRD-2
- XRD-3
These analyses form part of the characterization of the synthesized cristobalite material.
Technical Profile
| Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
| Technology | Flux-Free Cristobalite Synthesis |
| Primary Raw Material | Natural Quartz / Amorphous Silica |
| Primary Process | High-Temperature Thermal Transformation |
| Kiln Technology | Rotary Kiln and Tunnel Kiln |
| Process Type | Continuous Sintering |
| Chemical Fluxes | Not used |
| Alkali Additives | Not used |
| Mineralizers | Not used |
| Reported Main Phase | α-Cristobalite |
| Reported α-Cristobalite | Approximately 90% |
| Residual Low Quartz | Approximately 10% |
| Amorphous Phase | Not detected / negligible |
| β-Cristobalite | Not detected |
| Reported Processing Temperature | Approximately 1700°C–1750°C |
| Characterization | XRD and SEM |
| Organization | Raghuvamsi Technologies |
| Location | Andhra Pradesh, India |
Contact
I.V. Subba Rao Founder, Raghuvamsi Technologies
Email:
- ivsrao2003@yahoo.co.in
- raatechs12@yahoo.com
- raatech12@rediffmail.com
WhatsApp / Mobile: +91 7569160194
Organization: Raghuvamsi Technologies Location: Andhra Pradesh, India
External links
See also
- Cristobalite
- Silicon dioxide
- Quartz
- Rotary kiln
- Tunnel kiln
- Sintering
- Advanced ceramics
- Refractory materials
- X-ray diffraction
Categories
- Pages using duplicate arguments in template calls
- Indian Entrepreneurs
- Entrepreneurs from Andhra Pradesh
- Industrial Technology
- Advanced Materials
- Silica
- Cristobalite
- Quartz
- Mineral Processing
- Rotary Kiln Technology
- Tunnel Kiln Technology
- Sintering
- Advanced Ceramics
- Refractory Materials
- Industrial Research
- Materials Science
- Silica Processing